social anxiety disorder

Social Anxiety Disorder - Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Paula Team3 min read

Evidence-informed content reviewed for accuracy and safety

Introduction

You avoid social situations. The thought of making small talk makes you nervous. You're terrified of being judged.

This might be social anxiety disorder (social phobia).

Here's what you need to know.

What Is Social Anxiety Disorder?

Social anxiety disorder involves an intense, persistent fear of being watched and judged by others.

It's more than just being shy. It's fear significant enough to affect work, school, and relationships.

Symptoms of Social Anxiety

Emotional

  • Fear of judgment
  • Fear of embarrassment
  • Worry about offending others
  • Fear of being the center of attention
  • Intense worry before social events
  • Relief after social events

Physical

  • Rapid heart rate
  • Sweating
  • Trembling
  • Blushing
  • Shortness of breath
  • Nausea
  • Dizziness

Behavioral

  • Avoidance of social situations
  • Difficulty making eye contact
  • Difficulty talking
  • Monitoring self for mistakes
  • Scripting conversations

What Causes Social Anxiety?

Genetics

Social anxiety can run in families.

Brain Chemistry

Imbalances in neurotransmitters like serotonin.

Environment

  • Negative social experiences
  • Bullying
  • Rejection
  • Embarrassment
  • Overprotective parents

Personality

  • Shyness
  • Behavioral inhibition

Social Anxiety vs. Shyness

FactorShynessSocial Anxiety
IntensityMild-moderateIntense
ImpactSometimesSignificant
DistressSometimesSignificant
AvoidanceSometimesCommon

Social Anxiety vs. Introversion

  • Introversion: Prefer less social interaction. Not anxious about it.
  • Social Anxiety: Want to be social but fear it. Causes distress.

Treatment for Social Anxiety

Therapy

CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy): Gold standard. Changes negative thought patterns.

Exposure Therapy: Gradually faces feared situations.

Group Therapy: Practice social skills in a safe environment.

Medication

SSRIs: First-line medication.

  • Zoloft
  • Lexapro
  • Paxil

Beta Blockers: Reduce physical symptoms.

  • Propranolol

Self-Help

  • Challenge negative thoughts
  • Practice social situations
  • Prepare for events
  • Focus outward (ask questions)
  • Set small goals
  • Build self-esteem

Tips for Social Situations

Before

  • Prepare topics
  • Plan what to say
  • Arrive early
  • Have an exit strategy

During

  • Make eye contact
  • Speak slowly
  • Focus on other person
  • Ask questions
  • Remember: everyone is too worried about themselves

After

  • Process what went well
  • Challenge negative interpretations
  • Practice for next time

When to Seek Help

If you:

  • Avoid social situations
  • Fear judgment significantly
  • Have difficulty functioning
  • Use substances to cope

...reach out to a professional.

FAQ

Can social anxiety be cured?

It's highly treatable. Many people significantly reduce symptoms.

What's the best treatment?

CBT + possibly medication.

Is social anxiety the same as introversion?

No. Introversion is a preference. Social anxiety is fear that causes distress.

Can I overcome social anxiety on my own?

Mild social anxiety can improve with self-help. Moderate-severe usually needs therapy.

How long does treatment take?

Some people feel better in weeks. Others need months. Consistency is key.

Conclusion

Social anxiety is common and treatable. If fear of judgment is affecting your life, reach out to a professional.

You can learn to be comfortable in social situations. It just takes practice.

Take care of yourself.


You Might Also Like

Ready to start your mental health journey? Try Paula free today.

Share

Start your mental health journey with Paula

Paula is here whenever you need to talk about anxiety, stress, or just the hard stuff. No appointments, no judgment, just support.

Get Started Free

Struggling with social anxiety disorder? Talk to Paula for free.

Try Free

Keep Reading