understanding panic attacks

Understanding Panic Attacks: Symptoms and Treatment

Paula Team3 min read

Evidence-informed content reviewed for accuracy and safety

Introduction

Panic attacks are intense surges of fear that come on suddenly. Understanding them can help you manage and treat them.

What Is a Panic Attack?

A panic attack is a sudden episode of intense fear that triggers severe physical symptoms. It can happen without warning.

Symptoms

  • Racing heart
  • Sweating
  • Trembling
  • Shortness of breath
  • Chest pain
  • Nausea
  • Dizziness
  • Tingling
  • Feeling like you're dying

Causes

  • Stress
  • Genetics
  • Medical conditions
  • Substance use

Treatment

Therapy

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is highly effective.

Medication

SSRIs and benzodiazepines can help.

Lifestyle

  • Exercise
  • Sleep
  • Reducing caffeine

Conclusion

Panic attacks are treatable. With help, you can manage them.

What Actually Happens During a Panic Attack

Your body's fight-or-flight system fires off when there is no real danger. Your heart races, your chest tightens, you might feel dizzy or short of breath. It feels terrible, but it is not dangerous. Your body is doing what it thinks is protecting you.

A typical panic attack peaks within 10 minutes and fades within 20-30 minutes. Knowing this helps because when you are in one, it feels like it will never end. It will. Every single time, it ends.

What Actually Helps

The worst thing you can do during a panic attack is fight it. The more you resist, the worse it gets. Instead, try to ride it out like a wave.

During an attack:

  • Breathe slowly. In for 4 counts, out for 6. The longer exhale tells your nervous system to calm down.
  • Put your feet flat on the floor. Feel the ground beneath you.
  • Say out loud: "This is a panic attack. I have survived every one before this. I will survive this one too."
  • Do not google your symptoms. That makes it worse.

Between attacks:

  • Regular exercise reduces the frequency of panic attacks. Even 20 minutes of walking daily makes a measurable difference.
  • Cut back on caffeine. Seriously. Caffeine mimics the physical symptoms of anxiety and can trigger attacks.
  • Practice breathing exercises when you are calm so they become automatic when you need them.

When to Reach Out for Support

If anxiety is affecting your daily life, your sleep, your relationships, or your ability to work or study, it is worth talking to a professional. That is not a sign of weakness. It is one of the smartest things you can do.

You do not need to be in crisis to ask for help. A good time to start is before things get really bad, not after. Therapy, medication, or a combination of both can make a meaningful difference.

You can also try tools like Paula for guided self-reflection and mood tracking between sessions with a counselor.


You Might Also Like

Ready to start your mental health journey? Try Paula free today.

Share

Start your mental health journey with Paula

Paula is here whenever you need to talk about anxiety, stress, or just the hard stuff. No appointments, no judgment, just support.

Get Started Free

Struggling with understanding panic attacks? Talk to Paula for free.

Try Free

Keep Reading