what is an anxiety attack

What Is an Anxiety Attack? (Complete Guide)

Paula Team2 min read

Evidence-informed content reviewed for accuracy and safety

Introduction

You're feeling overwhelming anxiety. Your heart races. You can't breathe. Is it an anxiety attack? What can you do?

In this guide, I'll explain anxiety attacks.

What Is an Anxiety Attack?

Definition

An anxiety attack (often used interchangeably with panic attack) is a sudden surge of intense anxiety or fear that peaks within minutes.

Key Features

  • Sudden onset
  • Intense fear or anxiety
  • Physical symptoms
  • Peaks quickly (usually 10 minutes)

Not a Clinical Term

"Anxiety attack" isn't an official diagnosis. It's commonly used to describe severe anxiety episodes.

Symptoms

Physical

  • Racing heart
  • Sweating
  • Trembling
  • Shortness of breath
  • Chest tightness
  • Nausea
  • Dizziness
  • Chills or hot flashes
  • Numbness

Emotional

  • Intense fear
  • Feeling losing control
  • Feeling unreal
  • Fear of dying
  • Sense of impending doom

Anxiety Attack vs Panic Attack

Similarities

  • Very similar symptoms
  • Both involve intense fear
  • Both have physical symptoms
  • Often used interchangeably

Differences

Anxiety Attack:

  • Usually triggered by something
  • Builds gradually
  • Less intense than panic

Panic Attack:

  • Can be unexpected (no trigger)
  • More intense
  • Sudden onset

What Causes Anxiety Attacks

Triggers

  • Stress
  • Phobias
  • Social situations
  • Health concerns
  • Major events

Biological Factors

  • Genetics
  • Brain chemistry
  • Stress response

How to Manage an Anxiety Attack

1. Remember

"This will pass. It feels dangerous but isn't."

2. Breathe

Slow breathing:

  • Inhale 4 seconds
  • Exhale 6-8 seconds

3. Ground

5-4-3-2-1:

  • 5 things you see
  • 4 things you touch
  • 3 things you hear
  • 2 things you smell
  • 1 thing you taste

4. Don't Fight It

Trying to stop it makes it worse. Let it happen.

5. Find an Anchor

Feel your feet on the floor. Hold something.

Preventing Anxiety Attacks

1. Therapy

  • CBT
  • Exposure therapy

2. Medication

  • SSRIs
  • Anti-anxiety meds

3. Lifestyle

  • Regular exercise
  • Good sleep
  • Limit caffeine
  • Stress management

4. Avoid Triggers

  • When possible

When to Seek Help

Signs You Need Support

  • Frequent attacks
  • Avoiding situations
  • Significant distress
  • Impact on daily life

Professional Help

  • Therapy
  • Medication

Conclusion

Anxiety attacks are awful but manageable. Use these techniques. Get professional help if needed.


Want more help? Paula is a free mental health app with tools for anxiety. Download it today.


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